Coulomb's law

Coulomb's law states that the electric force between two point charges is proportional to their charge product and inversely proportional to the square of their separation.

Electric charge: A fundamental property of matter that produces electric interactions and comes in positive and negative forms. The law takes the two charges as its inputs; their signs determine attraction or repulsion.
Electric field: A vector field that gives the electric force per unit positive test charge at each point. The force law yields the field produced by a point charge.
Gauss's law: A law relating electric flux through a closed surface to the charge enclosed by that surface. It often computes fields more efficiently when charge distributions have strong symmetry.
Newton's law of universal gravitation: The law stating that masses attract with a force proportional to their product and inversely proportional to squared separation. Its mathematical form resembles Coulomb's law, but gravity between masses is always attractive.
Inverse-square law: A relation in which a quantity decreases in proportion to the inverse square of distance. It captures how the force weakens as the separation between charges grows.
Electric potential energy: The energy associated with the positions of interacting electric charges. Integrating the force between point charges gives their interaction energy.
Electrostatics: The study of electric charges at rest and the fields and forces they produce. Coulomb's law is a foundational force relation in this subject.
Biot–Savart law: A law describing the magnetic field generated by steady electric currents. It concerns magnetic fields from currents rather than forces between stationary charges.
Coulomb constant: The proportionality constant relating electric force to charge product and squared separation in vacuum. It sets the force scale in the law's vacuum form.
Vector: A quantity with magnitude and direction, represented mathematically by components. Electric force has direction as well as magnitude, so the law is applied vectorially.

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