COVID-19 pandemic

The global outbreak of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, that began in 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in 2020.

SARS-CoV-2: The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 and spread worldwide beginning in 2019. This virus caused the infections whose rapid international spread became the pandemic.
COVID-19: An infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, ranging from mild illness to severe disease. The pandemic was the worldwide outbreak of this disease.
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus: An Ethiopian public-health official who became director-general of the World Health Organization in 2017. He led the WHO when it declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
Excess mortality: Deaths above the number expected under ordinary conditions for a given population and period. It captures direct and indirect pandemic deaths missed by confirmed COVID-19 counts.
Origin of SARS-CoV-2: The unresolved question of how SARS-CoV-2 first entered the human population. The precise pathway that began the outbreak has not been conclusively established.
Respiratory transmission: The spread of pathogens through particles exhaled from the respiratory tract. Infectious particles from breathing, speaking, coughing, and singing helped SARS-CoV-2 spread.
Wuhan: A city in central China and the location of the first recognized cluster of COVID-19 cases. The earliest recognized outbreak was reported there in late 2019.
Anthony Fauci: An American physician and immunologist who directed the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases from 1984 to 2022. He became a prominent U.S. scientific adviser during the pandemic.
Long COVID: A condition involving symptoms that persist or arise after acute COVID-19. Persistent illness created a substantial health burden beyond acute infections.
COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: The first calendar year of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Early case counts, reporting limits, and shifting definitions complicate comparisons of the outbreak's initial scale.

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