Cranium

The bony or cartilaginous part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain. In humans, it comprises the braincase and the bones surrounding the eyes and ears.

Neurocranium: The part of the skull that encloses the brain and forms the cranial cavity. It is the braincase portion of the cranium.
Meninges: Three membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. They line the cranium and cushion the brain beneath the bone.
Computed tomography of the head: An imaging technique that uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the head. It reveals fractures and other changes in cranial bone.
Mandible: The lower jawbone, which moves at joints on either side of the skull. Unlike the cranial bones, it is not part of the brain-enclosing cranium.
Viscerocranium: The facial skeleton, comprising bones that form the face and support the oral and nasal cavities. It is the facial portion included in the human cranium.
Cranial foramina: Openings in the skull through which nerves, blood vessels, and other structures pass. They allow vital structures to cross the otherwise protective cranial wall.
Craniotomy: A surgical procedure that temporarily removes a piece of skull to access the brain. It requires opening the cranium while preserving a bone flap for replacement.
Skull: The bony or cartilaginous framework of the head, including the cranium and associated structures. The skull is the broader structure that contains the cranium.
Cranial sutures: Fibrous joints that connect most bones of the skull. These joints bind the cranial bones together.
Dura mater: The tough outermost meningeal membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It lies against the inner surface of the cranial bones.

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