Cuban War of Independence

The Cuban War of Independence was the 1895–1898 revolt against Spanish rule that ended in Spain’s defeat and Cuba’s emergence as an independent republic.

Cuban insurgency: The armed rebellion by Cuban independence forces against Spanish colonial rule. Insurgent forces sustained the revolt through guerrilla tactics and rural support.
Ten Years' War: Cuba’s first major war of independence against Spain, fought from 1868 to 1878. Its defeat left unresolved grievances that fueled the later revolt.
Máximo Gómez: A Dominican-born general who commanded Cuban independence forces in the Ten Years’ War and the 1895 revolt. Gómez led the Liberation Army’s campaigns against Spanish forces.
Treaty of Paris (1898): The treaty that ended the Spanish–American War and transferred Spain’s overseas territories to the United States. Spain renounced sovereignty over Cuba under the settlement that ended the war.
Reconcentration policy: A Spanish policy that forcibly relocated Cuban civilians into guarded towns during the war. The policy sought to isolate insurgents but caused widespread hunger and disease.
Little War: A Cuban uprising against Spanish rule fought from 1879 to 1880. Its failure showed that independence forces needed broader organization and support.
Antonio Maceo: A Cuban general and independence leader known as the Bronze Titan. Maceo commanded major campaigns and rejected settlements short of independence.
United States occupation of Cuba: The U.S. military administration of Cuba from 1898 to 1902. Occupation followed Spanish withdrawal and preceded the republic’s establishment.
Spanish–American War: The 1898 war between Spain and the United States, fought in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam. U.S. entry transformed the Cuban revolt into a war Spain could not win.
Cuban Revolutionary Party: A political organization founded by José Martí in 1892 to secure Cuban independence. It coordinated exile communities and prepared the 1895 uprising.

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