Culture

Culture is the shared practices, meanings, values, and knowledge transmitted within a group. It is learned and socially maintained rather than inherited biologically.

Socialization: The process through which people learn the norms, roles, and practices of their society. It is a primary way groups transmit cultural expectations across generations.
Cultural evolution: Change in cultural traits and practices across generations through social transmission. It frames cultural change as variation and transmission over time.
Nature versus nurture: The debate over how biological inheritance and environmental experience shape human traits. It clarifies why culture is learned without claiming biology has no influence.
Cultural anthropology: The study of cultural variation and social life, often through ethnographic research. It investigates how people make meaning through shared practices in specific settings.
Cultural identity: A sense of belonging shaped by shared cultural affiliations and meanings. Shared practices and histories provide materials for group and personal identity.
Social norms: Shared expectations that guide and regulate behavior within a group. Norms turn broad cultural values into expectations for particular situations.
Memetics: The study of how units of cultural information spread and change by imitation. It treats replicating ideas as a proposed mechanism of cultural transmission.
Society: A population whose members share institutions, relationships, and a social territory or system. Society includes organized relationships and institutions, while culture concerns shared meanings and practices.
Ethnography: A research approach based on sustained observation and description of social life. Ethnography documents cultural practices in the contexts where they occur.
Culture and cognition: The study of how cultural environments shape thought, perception, and reasoning. It examines whether learned cultural patterns influence how people interpret the world.

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