Cutout animation

Animation made by repositioning flat, articulated pieces and photographing them frame by frame. The pieces may be made from paper, card, photographs, or other materials.

Stop-motion animation: Animation created by photographing physical objects in successive poses, producing movement when the images are played in sequence. Cutout animation is a stop-motion technique that moves flat pieces between exposures.
Lotte Reiniger: German filmmaker and animator known for pioneering silhouette animation using articulated paper figures. Her films established a celebrated form of animated paper cutouts.
Stop motion: An animation technique that creates movement by photographing objects in successive positions and playing the images in sequence. Cutout animation belongs to this broader frame-by-frame filmmaking method.
South Park: An American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, known for its cutout-inspired visual style. Its early episodes recreated paper cutout animation digitally.
Cel animation: Traditional hand-drawn animation made by painting successive images on transparent sheets called cels. Cel animation redraws or repaints figures, while cutout animation repositions separate pieces.
Replacement animation: A stop-motion technique that creates movement by swapping one object or part for another between frames. It achieves frame-by-frame changes through swaps rather than repositioning the same articulated pieces.
The Adventures of Prince Achmed: A 1926 animated feature by Lotte Reiniger, made with articulated silhouettes and multiplane photography. It is a landmark feature-length example of silhouette cutout animation.
Articulated figure: A figure built with joints that allow its parts to move into different poses. Joints let a cutout character change pose without replacing its separate pieces.
Trey Parker: American filmmaker and performer who co-created South Park with Matt Stone. Parker’s early work with cutout animation helped establish South Park’s visual approach.
Traditional animation: Animation made by creating individual images by hand, traditionally on paper or transparent cels. Cutout animation is one hand-operated approach within traditional animation.

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