CYP2D6

CYP2D6 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes many medications. Its activity varies with inherited gene variants and can be reduced by inhibiting drugs such as bupropion.

Cytochrome P450: A family of enzymes that oxidize many drugs and other compounds, especially in the liver. CYP2D6 belongs to this enzyme family and shares its drug-oxidation chemistry.
Pharmacogenomics: The study of how genetic variation affects responses to medications. CYP2D6 genotyping is a widely used example of genetic information guiding drug therapy.
Drug metabolism: The chemical transformation of drugs by the body, often affecting their activity and elimination. CYP2D6-mediated reactions are one route by which the body processes medications.
CYP3A4: A major cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes a broad range of medications. It overlaps with CYP2D6 in drug metabolism but has different substrates and inhibitors.
CYP2D6 gene: The gene that encodes the CYP2D6 enzyme and has many functionally distinct variants. Its inherited variants help determine how much functional CYP2D6 a person produces.
CYP2D6 poor metabolizer: A person with little or no CYP2D6 enzyme activity because of their genetic variants. This phenotype can impair activation of codeine and slow clearance of other substrates.
Pharmacokinetics: The study of how drug concentrations change in the body over time. CYP2D6 contributes to drug clearance and therefore can alter concentration-time profiles.
CYP2C19: A cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes medications including clopidogrel and several antidepressants. Its pharmacogenetic effects are distinct from CYP2D6 effects despite belonging to the same enzyme family.
CYP2D6 inhibition: Reduction of CYP2D6 enzyme activity by a drug or other inhibitor. Inhibition can make medication metabolism resemble that of a genetically poor metabolizer.
CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer: A person with unusually high CYP2D6 activity, often due to extra functional gene copies. Rapid metabolism can lower exposure to some active drugs and increase activation of certain prodrugs.

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