Daniel C. Tsui

Daniel C. Tsui is a Chinese-American physicist who shared the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the fractional quantum Hall effect.

Horst Ludwig Störmer: A German-American physicist who shared the 1998 Nobel Prize for discovering the fractional quantum Hall effect. Störmer collaborated with Tsui on the experiments that revealed fractional charge.
Fractional quantum Hall effect: A quantum Hall state in which electrical conductance forms fractional plateaus and excitations can carry fractional charge. This is the discovery for which Tsui received the Nobel Prize.
Integer quantum Hall effect: The quantization of Hall conductance in integer multiples of a fundamental value. Its discovery established the experimental setting that the fractional effect extended.
Anyons: Two-dimensional quasiparticles whose exchange statistics differ from those of bosons and fermions. Fractional Hall excitations can obey anyonic exchange statistics.
Robert B. Laughlin: An American theoretical physicist who shared the 1998 Nobel Prize for explaining the fractional quantum Hall effect. Laughlin supplied the theoretical account of the state Tsui and Störmer found.
Quantum Hall effect: The quantization of Hall conductance in a two-dimensional electron system under a strong magnetic field. The fractional effect extends the quantized behavior first found in integer Hall states.
Klaus von Klitzing: A German physicist who discovered the integer quantum Hall effect and received the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics. His finding preceded and helped frame Tsui’s discovery.
Topological order: A form of quantum order characterized by long-range entanglement and properties insensitive to local disturbances. The fractional Hall state became a central example of this kind of order.
Arthur Gossard: An American physicist known for developing semiconductor heterostructures and molecular beam epitaxy. His high-quality semiconductor structures enabled the low-temperature experiments.
Two-dimensional electron gas: A system in which electrons are confined to move in two spatial dimensions. Tsui’s experiments used electrons confined at a semiconductor interface.

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