Darfur

Darfur is a region in western Sudan, historically home to the Sultanate of Darfur and later marked by armed conflict, mass displacement, and humanitarian crises.

Sultanate of Darfur: An independent state in what is now western Sudan, ruled by the Keira dynasty until its conquest by Egypt in 1874. The sultanate was the region’s principal precolonial state.
Janjaweed: A name commonly applied to Sudanese Arab militia forces that fought alongside government forces in Darfur during the 2000s. These militias became central to attacks on civilian communities during the conflict.
Darfur genocide: A term used for mass killings and other atrocities committed against civilian populations in Darfur during the conflict beginning in 2003. The label captures the conflict’s most consequential allegations and legal disputes.
Chad: A landlocked country in Central Africa that borders Sudan to the west. Darfur’s western border connects its conflicts and displacement to Chad.
Keira dynasty: A ruling dynasty that governed the Sultanate of Darfur from the seventeenth century until its conquest in 1874. Its rulers shaped Darfur’s state and political traditions.
Sudan Liberation Movement/Army: A Darfur-based rebel movement that took up arms against the Sudanese government in 2003. Its insurgency helped trigger the government’s counterinsurgency campaign.
Internally displaced person: A person forced to flee their home but who remains within their country’s borders. Millions of people in Darfur were displaced without crossing Sudan’s international borders.
Sahel: A semiarid belt south of the Sahara stretching across Africa from the Atlantic toward the Red Sea. Darfur lies near the Sahel’s eastern reaches and shares its climate pressures.
Rudolf Slatin: An Austrian-born administrator who served as governor of Darfur under Egyptian rule and later wrote about his captivity in Sudan. His career links Darfur’s late nineteenth-century administration to the Mahdist revolt.
Justice and Equality Movement: A Darfurian rebel organization that fought the Sudanese government and sought political change in Sudan. It became a major armed actor in Darfur’s conflict.

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