Database management system

A database management system (DBMS) is software for defining, storing, querying, and managing structured data. It mediates access to databases and enforces rules for data organization and use.

Query optimizer: A DBMS component that selects an efficient execution plan for a query. It chooses how the DBMS will retrieve the requested data.
Relational model: A data model that organizes information into relations, commonly represented as tables. It underlies the table-based organization used by relational DBMSs.
Online transaction processing: Computer processing optimized for many short, concurrent transactions. OLTP systems rely on DBMSs to handle frequent operational updates.
NoSQL: A broad class of database systems that use data models other than the traditional relational model. NoSQL systems relax relational conventions to suit particular data and scale needs.
Database normalization: The organization of relational tables to reduce redundancy and update anomalies. Normalization is a design practice DBMS users apply to keep stored facts consistent.
Transaction processing: The execution and coordination of database operations as units of work. Transactions let the DBMS coordinate changes that must succeed or fail together.
SQL: A declarative language for defining, querying, and modifying relational databases. SQL is the standard interface for many DBMSs.
Online analytical processing: Analysis of large datasets through complex, often multidimensional queries. Analytical DBMSs are tuned for aggregation and long-running reads.
NewSQL: A class of relational database systems designed to combine SQL and strong transactions with horizontal scalability. NewSQL challenges the trade-off between relational guarantees and distributed scale.
Data integrity: The accuracy, consistency, and validity of data throughout its lifecycle. Constraints and transactions help a DBMS preserve data integrity.

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