David Baltimore

David Baltimore is an American virologist and molecular biologist who shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries about tumor viruses and genetic material.

Renato Dulbecco: Renato Dulbecco was an Italian-American virologist who studied how viruses cause cancer and shared the 1975 Nobel Prize. Baltimore shared the Nobel Prize with Dulbecco and Howard Temin for discoveries about tumor viruses.
Reverse transcription: Reverse transcription is the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Baltimore independently discovered this process in RNA tumor viruses.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Baltimore studied and later led a laboratory at MIT.
Monoclonal antibody: A monoclonal antibody is an antibody population derived from one cell lineage and directed at a single target. Baltimore co-founded a biotechnology company that developed antibody-based research products.
Polyomavirus: Polyomavirus is a group of small DNA viruses, including viruses that can cause tumors in animals. Baltimore studied how DNA tumor viruses interact with cells and contribute to cancer research.
Howard Temin: Howard Temin was an American geneticist who independently proposed that RNA tumor viruses copy their genomes into DNA. Temin’s independent work established the same reverse-transcription principle that Baltimore discovered.
Reverse transcriptase: Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that copies RNA into DNA. Baltimore identified this enzyme activity in virions, explaining how RNA viruses can produce DNA.
Rockefeller University: Rockefeller University is a biomedical research institution in New York City. Baltimore conducted early influential research at Rockefeller University.
Recombinant DNA controversy: The recombinant DNA controversy was a public debate about the risks of engineering DNA molecules across species. Baltimore participated in scientific discussions and oversight during the controversy’s formative period.
Tumor virus reverse-transcriptase discovery: The tumor virus reverse-transcriptase discovery identified an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in RNA tumor viruses. Baltimore’s 1970 report provided direct evidence for reverse transcription in these viruses.

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