Decolonisation of Asia

Decolonisation of Asia was the twentieth-century process through which Asian territories ended colonial rule and established independent states, through negotiated transfers, mass movements, and wars.

Partition of India: The 1947 division of British India into India and Pakistan, accompanied by mass migration and communal violence. Independence from Britain coincided with partition, reshaping South Asia’s borders and populations.
Quit India Movement: A 1942 mass campaign led by the Indian National Congress demanding an end to British rule. Its mobilization intensified the political pressure Britain faced in India.
European colonialism: The establishment and rule of overseas territories by European states. European empires governed many Asian territories before the twentieth-century independence wave.
Partition of Korea: The division of Korea along the 38th parallel into separate Soviet and United States occupation zones in 1945. The end of Japanese rule produced division rather than a unified independent Korean state.
Malayan independence: The establishment of the independent Federation of Malaya in 1957 after British rule. Its negotiated constitutional transition contrasts with independence achieved through major revolutionary wars.
Indonesian National Revolution: The armed and diplomatic struggle from 1945 to 1949 that secured Indonesian independence from the Netherlands. Indonesia’s victory followed a prolonged revolution against its former colonial ruler.
Non-cooperation movement: A 1920–1922 Indian nationalist campaign that encouraged withdrawal from British institutions and goods. It demonstrated how organized nonviolent resistance could challenge colonial authority.
British Raj: The period of direct British rule over much of the Indian subcontinent, from 1858 to 1947. Its administration and nationalist opposition shaped the end of British rule in South Asia.
Korean War: The 1950–1953 war between North Korea and South Korea, involving international forces and ending in an armistice. The postcolonial division of Korea became a major international war.
Burmese independence: The end of British rule and establishment of an independent Burma in 1948. Burma’s relatively rapid transfer followed wartime resistance and negotiations rather than a long colonial war.

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