Knowra Deforestation in Borneo Deforestation in Borneo Deforestation in Borneo is the loss and degradation of the island’s forests, driven chiefly by logging, land conversion, fires, and infrastructure development.
Industrial logging in Borneo : Commercial timber extraction in Borneo’s forests, ranging from selective logging to large-scale clear-cutting. Logging directly removes trees and opens forest to roads, settlement, and later conversion.
Bornean orangutan : A great ape native to Borneo, now threatened by habitat loss, hunting, and other pressures. Forest clearing removes and divides the habitat on which orangutans depend.
Borneo : The world’s third-largest island, divided among Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. Its political boundaries and varied landscapes shape how forests are managed and cleared.
REDD+ : A United Nations framework for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and supporting forest conservation. REDD+ provides a policy and finance framework used in Indonesian forest-protection efforts.
Forest degradation : A decline in a forest’s ecological condition that does not necessarily remove all tree cover. Degradation complicates estimates because canopy loss alone can miss severe ecological damage.
Oil palm in Borneo : The cultivation of oil palm across Borneo for palm oil, mainly in plantations established on converted land. Plantation expansion has replaced forest, though its impact varies with prior land cover.
Bornean pygmy elephant : A small-bodied population of Asian elephants living in northeastern Borneo, especially Sabah. Forest conversion fragments elephant ranges and increases encounters with farms and people.
Transmigration program : An Indonesian government program that relocated people from densely populated islands to less populated regions. Resettlement in Indonesian Borneo expanded agricultural settlement and pressure on forest land.
Heart of Borneo : A transboundary conservation initiative covering forested highlands across Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The initiative aims to protect a large connected forest landscape spanning Borneo’s three countries.
Deforestation-free supply chains : Commodity supply systems designed to exclude products linked to forest clearing. Their effectiveness depends on traceability, definitions, and enforcement across complex supply networks.
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