Dehydration reaction

A chemical transformation that removes water from a molecule or reaction mixture. It can form a new bond within or between molecules, or produce an unsaturated compound.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which atoms or groups are removed from a molecule, often forming a multiple bond. Dehydration is one route to elimination when water leaves and a double bond forms.
Alcohol (chemistry): An organic compound with a hydroxyl group bonded to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols are common substrates for acid-catalyzed dehydration to alkenes.
Alcohol dehydration: An acid-catalyzed reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkene and water. It is a standard laboratory use of dehydration to create carbon–carbon double bonds.
Dehydrogenation: A chemical transformation that removes hydrogen atoms or hydrogen equivalents from a molecule. It removes hydrogen rather than water, despite the similar name.
E1 reaction: A unimolecular elimination that proceeds through a carbocation intermediate. Acid-catalyzed dehydration of some alcohols follows this two-step pathway.
Hydroxyl group: An –OH functional group consisting of oxygen bonded to hydrogen. The hydroxyl group supplies the oxygen and hydrogen removed as water from an alcohol.
Esterification: A reaction that forms an ester from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid or derivative. Fischer esterification releases water as the acid and alcohol form an ester bond.
Hydration reaction: A chemical reaction that adds water or its elements to a molecule. Hydration adds what dehydration removes, and often produces the reverse structure.
E2 reaction: A bimolecular elimination in which a base removes a proton as a leaving group departs. Some alcohol dehydrations occur in one concerted step rather than through a carbocation.
Alkene: An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond. Alkenes are common products when an alcohol loses water by elimination.

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