Deir el-Bahari

Deir el-Bahari is a mortuary-temple complex on the west bank of the Nile at Thebes, Egypt. Its cliffs and terraces contain monuments built by rulers of different periods.

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut: An 18th-Dynasty temple at Deir el-Bahari, built for Hatshepsut and dedicated chiefly to Amun. Its terraces form the site's best-known monument and align with the cliffs.
Mortuary temple: An ancient Egyptian temple where a deceased ruler received ongoing funerary cult and offerings. The complex's royal monuments served this funerary purpose.
Middle Kingdom of Egypt: A period of ancient Egyptian political reunification and cultural flourishing, conventionally dated to about 2055–1650 BCE. Mentuhotep II's temple belongs to the era that established the site's earliest major royal monument.
Édouard Naville: A Swiss Egyptologist whose excavations at Deir el-Bahari in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries documented its temples. His fieldwork helped establish the site's archaeological record.
Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II: An 11th-Dynasty royal mortuary complex at Deir el-Bahari, built for Mentuhotep II. Its innovative terraced design preceded and influenced later building at the site.
Pylon: A monumental gateway formed by two tapering towers, characteristic of many ancient Egyptian temples. Pylons framed temple entrances and controlled passage into sacred precincts.
Mentuhotep II: An Egyptian king of the 11th Dynasty who reunified Egypt and ruled from Thebes. He commissioned the earliest major royal temple at Deir el-Bahari.
Herbert E. Winlock: An American Egyptologist who excavated at Deir el-Bahari and directed the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Egyptian Expedition. His work advanced the study of the complex and its finds.
Temple of Thutmose III: An 18th-Dynasty temple at Deir el-Bahari built by Thutmose III, Hatshepsut's successor. Its remains add a third royal temple to the site's sequence.
Causeway (Egyptian temple): A processional route connecting an ancient Egyptian temple with another sacred or funerary structure. Causeways linked west-bank temples with routes from the Nile and surrounding necropolis.

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