Demand response

Demand response is the adjustment of electricity consumption in response to grid conditions, prices, or incentives. It helps balance electricity supply and demand without relying only on changes in generation.

Time-of-use electricity pricing: An electricity tariff that charges different rates during scheduled periods of the day. Scheduled price differences encourage customers to shift use away from expensive peak periods.
Virtual power plant: A coordinated network of distributed energy resources that operates as a flexible resource in electricity markets or grid operations. Aggregated responsive loads can contribute alongside batteries and generators as a controllable grid resource.
Energy storage: The capture of energy for use at a later time. Storage shifts energy across time by charging and discharging; demand response shifts or reduces consumption.
Peak demand: The highest rate of electricity consumption reached by a system during a specified period. Reducing coincident peak use can ease pressure on generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure.
Demand response measurement and verification: Methods for estimating and confirming electricity reductions attributed to a demand response action. A credible baseline is difficult to establish because actual consumption without an event is unobservable.
Real-time pricing: Electricity pricing that varies at short intervals to reflect changing wholesale market conditions. Changing prices can signal when reducing or shifting consumption benefits the grid.
Electric vehicle smart charging: The scheduling or modulation of electric-vehicle charging to meet user needs while responding to grid constraints or prices. Charging can often be shifted without changing the amount of energy vehicles ultimately receive.
Peaking power plant: A power plant designed to operate mainly during periods of high electricity demand. Peak demand can be met by reducing load instead of bringing an infrequently used plant online.
Electricity demand forecasting: The estimation of future electricity consumption over short or long time horizons. Forecasts help operators identify when demand response may be needed and evaluate its effects.
Demand response rebound effect: The increase in electricity use that can follow a demand response reduction when deferred activities or equipment operation resume. Post-event consumption can offset some benefits of a temporary load reduction.

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