Denaturalization

Denaturalization is the legal revocation of citizenship previously acquired through naturalization. It generally requires proof that citizenship was obtained unlawfully or through material misrepresentation.

Naturalization: The legal process by which a noncitizen acquires citizenship in a country. Denaturalization reverses citizenship acquired through this process.
Expatriation Act of 1907: A U.S. law that prescribed circumstances in which American citizenship could be lost. It helped establish federal power to strip citizenship from naturalized Americans.
Expatriation: The relinquishment or loss of citizenship, often through a person's voluntary conduct or declaration. Unlike denaturalization, expatriation need not rest on wrongdoing in the original application.
United States v. Schwimmer: A 1929 U.S. Supreme Court case upholding denial of naturalization to a pacifist applicant. Its reasoning about citizenship and loyalty later shaped disputes over stripping citizenship.
Immigration law: The body of law governing entry, residence, status, and removal of noncitizens. After denaturalization, immigration law determines whether the former citizen may remain.
Citizenship: A legal status establishing membership in a state and associated rights and duties. Denaturalization removes a status that naturalization previously conferred.
Schneider v. Rusk: A 1964 U.S. Supreme Court decision invalidating unequal citizenship-loss rules for naturalized citizens. It rejected treating naturalized citizens as less secure citizens because of foreign residence.
Renunciation of citizenship: A formal, usually voluntary act by which a person gives up citizenship. Renunciation is initiated by the citizen rather than imposed by the state.
Perez v. Brownell: A 1958 U.S. Supreme Court decision upholding citizenship loss for voting in a foreign election. Afroyim later overruled its broad account of congressional power over citizenship.
Deportability: A noncitizen's legal susceptibility to removal from a country. Losing citizenship can expose a person to removal proceedings.

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