Denim

Denim is a sturdy cotton twill fabric, commonly woven with indigo-dyed warp yarns and pale weft yarns. Its diagonal weave and contrasting yarns create a surface that fades distinctively with wear.

Twill: Twill is a weave in which yarns pass over and under multiple neighboring yarns, producing diagonal lines. Denim is a twill fabric, and its diagonal ribs come from this weave structure.
Ring spinning: Ring spinning twists fibers into yarn by drawing them through a rotating ring and traveler. The method produces yarn often used in denim, with a surface that develops texture through wear.
Serge de Nîmes: Serge de Nîmes is a French twill fabric traditionally associated with the city of Nîmes. The phrase is the historical source commonly given for the word “denim.”
Blue jeans: Blue jeans are trousers typically made from blue denim, often with riveted stress points and five pockets. They are denim’s best-known garment and the form most closely tied to its history.
Fast fashion: Fast fashion is a business model built around rapidly producing inexpensive clothing in response to changing trends. High-volume denim production links the fabric to debates about garment waste and labor conditions.
Warp and weft: Warp yarns run lengthwise through a woven fabric; weft yarns cross them from edge to edge. Denim’s warp and weft commonly differ in color, creating its familiar two-sided appearance.
Rope dyeing: Rope dyeing colors bundled cotton yarn by repeatedly passing it through indigo baths and air. Repeated dips color denim warp yarns while leaving their cores lighter.
Genoa: Genoa is a port city in northwestern Italy with a long history of textile trade. The English word “jeans” is associated with the city’s name and its exported fabrics.
Denim jacket: A denim jacket is an outer garment made from denim, commonly featuring a button front and chest pockets. It adapts the fabric’s durability and fading to a distinct form of workwear and casual dress.
Water footprint: A water footprint measures the freshwater used directly and indirectly to produce a good or service. Cotton cultivation and denim finishing can require substantial water resources.

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