Density

Density is mass per unit volume, commonly expressed in kilograms per cubic metre or grams per cubic centimetre. It describes how much matter occupies a given space.

Mass: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object or system. Density uses mass as its numerator.
Buoyancy: Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an immersed or floating body. Whether an object floats depends on its average density relative to the fluid.
Intensive and extensive properties: Intensive properties do not scale with sample size, while extensive properties do. Density is intensive because scaling mass and volume together leaves their ratio unchanged.
Relative density: Relative density is the ratio of a substance's density to that of a specified reference material. Unlike density, it is a dimensionless comparison rather than mass per volume.
Volume: Volume is the amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a substance or object. Density divides mass by the space that mass occupies.
Specific gravity: Specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to the density of a reference substance. It compares densities without assigning units to the result.
State of matter: A state of matter is a form such as solid, liquid, or gas, distinguished by physical structure and behavior. The arrangement and spacing of particles across states produce different densities.
Concentration: Concentration is the amount of a constituent present in a specified amount of mixture or solution. It describes a component's proportion, not the mixture's total mass per volume.
Archimedes' principle: A principle stating that an immersed body experiences an upward force equal to the weight of displaced fluid. Buoyant force depends on the density difference between an object and its fluid.
Density column: A layered liquid display in which substances arrange by density, with denser liquids below less dense ones. It makes density differences visible through the ordering of immiscible liquids.

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