Dentin

Dentin is the calcified tissue that forms most of a tooth beneath enamel and cementum. Its microscopic tubules connect the inner pulp with the outer tooth surface.

Dentinal tubule: A microscopic channel in dentin that extends from the pulp toward the outer tooth surface. These channels carry fluid and connect dentin’s inner and outer regions.
Dentinogenesis: The process by which odontoblasts produce and mineralize dentin. It builds the tissue around the developing dental pulp.
Dental caries: A disease in which acids produced by bacteria demineralize and damage tooth tissues. Caries can pass through enamel and spread into dentin toward the pulp.
Cementum: A mineralized tissue covering tooth roots and helping anchor them to the periodontal ligament. Cementum covers the root, while dentin lies beneath it.
Odontoblast: A specialized cell that produces dentin and lines the outer edge of the dental pulp. Odontoblasts form dentin and extend cellular processes into its tubules.
Primary dentin: Dentin formed during tooth development before the tooth’s root is complete. It makes up most of the dentin present when a tooth first erupts.
Dentin hypersensitivity: Short, sharp pain from exposed dentin in response to stimuli such as cold or touch. Open dentinal tubules can transmit stimuli that provoke this pain.
Bone: A mineralized connective tissue that forms the skeleton and supports the body. Bone remodels throughout life, whereas dentin is generally not remodeled in the same way.
Hydroxyapatite: A calcium phosphate mineral that forms the main inorganic component of bones and teeth. Its crystals provide dentin with much of its hardness.
Secondary dentin: Dentin formed slowly after root completion as a normal part of aging. Its gradual deposition narrows the pulp chamber over time.

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