Deodoro da Fonseca

Deodoro da Fonseca was a Brazilian marshal and politician who led the 1889 military coup that ended the Empire of Brazil and became the republic’s first president.

Empire of Brazil: The Brazilian monarchy established in 1822 and ruled by the House of Braganza until 1889. Fonseca’s military career unfolded under this monarchy, which his coup brought to an end.
Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil): The 1889 event in which Brazil’s monarchy was overthrown and a republic proclaimed. Fonseca led the military action that made this regime change possible.
Floriano Peixoto: A Brazilian marshal who succeeded Fonseca as president in 1891 and governed until 1894. As vice president, he took office after Fonseca resigned.
Encilhamento: A Brazilian economic bubble and financial crisis of the early 1890s, driven partly by rapid credit expansion. The crisis unfolded during Fonseca’s government and damaged confidence in the new republic.
War of the Triple Alliance: A war from 1864 to 1870 in which Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay fought Paraguay. Service in this war helped strengthen the army’s political standing and Fonseca’s career.
Viscount of Ouro Preto: A Brazilian politician who served as the Empire’s last prime minister before the 1889 coup. His government became the immediate target of the military movement led by Fonseca.
Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães: A Brazilian military officer and republican who helped organize the 1889 coup. His influence among army officers helped build support for the movement Fonseca led.
Federalism in Brazil: A system dividing governing powers between Brazil’s national government and its states. The 1891 constitution recast Brazil as a federation during Fonseca’s presidency.
Brazilian Republican Party: A political organization founded in 1873 that advocated replacing Brazil’s monarchy with a republic. Republican organizing created the political alternative that emerged after Fonseca’s coup.
Constitution of Brazil of 1891: Brazil’s first republican constitution, establishing a federal presidential republic in 1891. It formalized the republican order under which Fonseca held the presidency.

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