Deportation of Jews during the Holocaust

The forced transport of Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators to ghettos, killing sites, and concentration camps. Deportations were a central stage of persecution and mass murder during the Holocaust.

Deportation trains: Rail transports used to carry Jews and other victims to ghettos, camps, and killing sites under Nazi rule. Railways enabled authorities to move large numbers of deportees across occupied Europe.
Nuremberg Laws: The 1935 German laws that stripped Jews of citizenship and prohibited marriage between Jews and people classified as German-blooded. They formalized racial exclusion that preceded mass deportations.
Adolf Eichmann: A senior SS official who organized major aspects of the deportation of Jews during the Holocaust. He coordinated deportation logistics and negotiated with authorities in occupied countries.
Ghetto: A segregated urban district where Nazi authorities confined Jews under coercive and often lethal conditions. For many communities, confinement in a ghetto preceded deportation.
Judenrat: A Jewish council established by German authorities to administer a ghetto or community under occupation. German officials sometimes compelled councils to help compile deportation lists and organize roundups.
Madagascar Plan: A Nazi proposal, never implemented, to deport Europe’s Jews to Madagascar. Its failure preceded the turn toward deportation into ghettos and killing sites.
Reinhard Heydrich: A leading SS official who directed the Reich Security Main Office and helped coordinate the persecution and murder of Jews. His offices and subordinates organized deportations across German-controlled Europe.
Auschwitz-Birkenau: The largest Nazi German concentration and extermination camp complex, located in occupied Poland. Auschwitz-Birkenau received mass deportations from across German-controlled Europe.
Roundup: A mass arrest in which people are seized and assembled for detention or deportation. Police and occupation forces used roundups to gather Jews for transport.
Wannsee Conference: A January 1942 meeting where senior Nazi officials coordinated aspects of the deportation and murder of European Jews. Its records document bureaucratic coordination of the so-called Final Solution.

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