Dermis

The dermis is the connective-tissue layer beneath the epidermis. It contains structural fibers, blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles.

Papillary dermis: The superficial dermal layer of loose connective tissue, containing capillaries and dermal papillae. Its ridges interlock with the epidermis and help nourish its lower layers.
Cutaneous vasculature: The network of blood vessels supplying the skin and participating in temperature regulation. Dermal vessels alter blood flow to help conserve or release body heat.
Wound healing: The biological process that restores tissue integrity after injury. Dermal fibroblasts and vessels help rebuild tissue beneath a closing wound.
Epidermis: The outer epithelial layer of skin, forming a barrier between the body and its environment. It lies above the dermis and lacks the dermal layer’s blood vessels.
Reticular dermis: The deeper, thicker dermal layer, composed chiefly of dense irregular connective tissue. Its collagen-rich framework gives skin much of its tensile strength.
Thermoregulation: The processes by which an organism keeps its internal temperature within a viable range. Changes in dermal blood flow and sweat production contribute to heat control.
Scar: Fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue after an injury has healed. Excess or altered collagen deposition in the dermis forms many scars.
Hypodermis: The subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin, containing variable amounts of fat and connective tissue. It lies deeper than the dermis and anchors skin to underlying structures.
Collagen: A family of structural proteins that form strong fibers in connective tissues. Collagen fibers provide the dermis with resistance to stretching and tearing.
Eccrine sweat gland: A coiled skin gland that releases watery sweat onto the surface through a duct. Its secretions reach the surface and cool the body as they evaporate.

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