Desmond Tutu

Desmond Tutu (1931–2021) was a South African Anglican archbishop and human-rights activist who opposed apartheid and chaired the country’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

Nelson Mandela: Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid leader and the country’s first Black president. Mandela and Tutu became internationally recognized figures in the struggle and transition from apartheid.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission: South Africa’s post-apartheid commission investigated gross human-rights violations committed under apartheid and heard testimony from victims and perpetrators. Tutu chaired the commission, which made public testimony and conditional amnesty central to its work.
Klerksdorp: Klerksdorp is a city in South Africa’s North West province. Tutu was born there in 1931, during the formation of modern segregationist rule.
Nobel Peace Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize is an annual award honoring work toward peace and international cooperation. Tutu received the prize in 1984 for his role in the nonviolent struggle against apartheid.
Liberation theology: Liberation theology interprets Christian faith through the struggle against oppression and poverty. Tutu’s public theology treated opposition to apartheid as a religious and ethical duty.
Steve Biko: Steve Biko was a South African anti-apartheid activist and a founder of the Black Consciousness Movement. Biko’s death in police custody drew forceful condemnation from Tutu.
South African Council of Churches: The South African Council of Churches is an ecumenical organization of Christian churches in South Africa. As its general secretary, Tutu used the council to organize and publicize opposition to apartheid.
Apartheid: Apartheid was South Africa’s system of legally enforced racial segregation and white-minority rule from 1948 to the early 1990s. Tutu’s ministry and activism developed in opposition to this system.
Anti-apartheid movement: The anti-apartheid movement was a global campaign to end racial segregation and white-minority rule in South Africa. Tutu’s advocacy helped make the campaign’s moral and political case internationally.
Nonviolent resistance: Nonviolent resistance is the pursuit of political or social change without using physical violence. Tutu advocated peaceful protest while condemning the violence and injustice of apartheid.

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