Desmopressin

Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of vasopressin that promotes water retention and release of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII. It is used for central diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, and selected bleeding disorders.

Vasopressin receptor 2: A G protein-coupled receptor that mediates vasopressin-driven water reabsorption in kidney collecting ducts. Desmopressin's antidiuretic action is mediated chiefly through this receptor.
Central diabetes insipidus: A disorder in which insufficient vasopressin secretion causes excessive dilute urine and thirst. Desmopressin replaces the missing hormone signal and reduces water loss.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: A disorder in which the kidneys respond poorly to vasopressin, causing excessive dilute urine. Unlike central disease, this form usually does not improve with desmopressin.
Terlipressin: A long-acting vasopressin analogue with prominent vasoconstrictor effects. Its vascular action contrasts with desmopressin's preference for antidiuretic effects.
Aquaporin 2: A water-channel protein inserted into collecting-duct membranes in response to vasopressin signaling. Vasopressin receptor activation moves this channel to the kidney cell surface.
Nocturnal enuresis: Repeated involuntary urination during sleep in a person old enough to have bladder control. A bedtime dose can reduce overnight urine production in selected cases.
Nocturia: The symptom of waking from sleep to urinate, which has many possible causes. Nocturnal enuresis is bedwetting during sleep, whereas nocturia involves waking to void.
Vasopressin: A peptide hormone that regulates kidney water retention and constricts blood vessels. The native hormone has stronger vascular effects and a shorter duration than desmopressin.
Von Willebrand factor: A blood-clotting protein that carries factor VIII and helps platelets adhere to damaged vessel walls. Desmopressin prompts endothelial cells to release stored von Willebrand factor.
Hemophilia A: An inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficient or defective factor VIII. Desmopressin can raise factor VIII temporarily in some people with mild disease.

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