Destruction of the Second Temple

The Roman destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in 70 CE, during the First Jewish–Roman War, ended the central sanctuary of Jewish worship and sacrifice.

Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE): The Roman siege and capture of Jerusalem in 70 CE during the First Jewish–Roman War. The siege culminated in the city's capture and the Temple's destruction.
Judaea (Roman province): A Roman province in the eastern Mediterranean, centered on Jerusalem and governed by Roman officials. Roman administration of Judaea formed the political setting for the revolt.
Second Temple Judaism: The diverse forms of Jewish religion and society during the period of the Second Temple, from 516 BCE to 70 CE. Its institutions and practices were transformed by the sanctuary's destruction.
The Jewish War: A history of the First Jewish–Roman War written by Josephus in the late first century CE. Josephus gives a detailed, though contested, account of the Temple's destruction.
Titus: Roman emperor from 79 to 81 CE who commanded the forces that captured Jerusalem in 70 CE. He led the Roman campaign that culminated in the Temple's destruction.
Roman prefecture of Judaea: The Roman provincial administration that governed Judaea before its reorganization after the First Jewish–Roman War. Tensions under Roman prefects contributed to the revolt that brought the siege.
Rabbinic Judaism: A form of Judaism shaped by rabbinic interpretation of scripture, law, and tradition. Rabbinic institutions developed in a world where the Jerusalem Temple no longer stood.
Tacitus: A Roman historian whose surviving account of the First Jewish–Roman War is part of his Histories. His account offers a Roman perspective on the campaign that destroyed the Temple.
Legio X Fretensis: A Roman legion that fought in the First Jewish–Roman War and remained stationed in Jerusalem afterward. The legion took part in the siege and occupied the devastated city.
Gessius Florus: The Roman procurator of Judaea from 64 to 66 CE, whose actions helped provoke the revolt. His abuses intensified the crisis that preceded the war.

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