Deuterocanonical books

Deuterocanonical books are writings included in Catholic and Orthodox Old Testament canons but absent from the Jewish Tanakh and most Protestant canons.

Biblical canon: A community’s recognized collection of authoritative biblical books. The deuterocanonical books are defined by their inclusion in some biblical canons and exclusion from others.
Book of Tobit: A Jewish wisdom narrative about Tobit, his son Tobias, and the angel Raphael. Tobit is one of the books counted as deuterocanonical in Catholic and Orthodox traditions.
Protestant Bible: A Christian Bible whose Old Testament canon generally matches the books of the Jewish Tanakh. Most Protestant traditions do not count the deuterocanonical books as canonical scripture.
Council of Rome (382): A late-fourth-century council associated with a list of biblical books received in the Western Church. Its canon list includes books later classified as deuterocanonical.
Reformation: A sixteenth-century movement that divided Western Christianity and reshaped its institutions and teachings. Reformation-era disputes made the status of these books a prominent difference between Protestant and Catholic Bibles.
Septuagint: An ancient Greek translation of Jewish scriptures, expanded with additional writings. Its manuscript tradition transmitted many books later included in Catholic and Orthodox Old Testaments.
Book of Judith: A Jewish narrative in which the widow Judith saves her people by killing the Assyrian general Holofernes. Judith appears among the deuterocanonical books of Catholic and Orthodox Bibles.
Catholic Bible: The Bible recognized by the Catholic Church, including seven Old Testament deuterocanonical books and additions to others. It gives these books canonical status, unlike most Protestant Bibles.
Council of Carthage (397): A regional church council whose canon list affirmed a broad collection of Old Testament books. Its decisions show the reception of these writings in the Latin-speaking Western Church.
Council of Trent and the canon: The Catholic council’s sixteenth-century decree defining the church’s received biblical canon. Its ruling made the deuterocanonical books’ Catholic standing explicit amid Protestant challenges.

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