Developmental state

A state that actively directs investment and industrial policy to accelerate economic development, often by coordinating public agencies, finance, and private firms.

Industrial policy: Government measures that shape the structure or capabilities of an economy’s industries. The state uses these measures to steer production toward selected sectors and capabilities.
Japanese economic miracle: Japan’s rapid postwar economic growth, especially from the 1950s through the early 1970s. Japan became the classic case of bureaucratic coordination and industrial upgrading.
Chalmers Johnson: An American political scientist known for his study of Japan’s postwar political economy. His account of Japan helped establish the developmental state as an analytical concept.
Structural transformation: A long-term shift in an economy’s output and employment across sectors and activities. Industrial policy seeks to move labor and production toward more productive activities.
Laissez-faire: An economic doctrine favoring limited government intervention in markets. It contrasts with the developmental state's deliberate direction of investment and industry.
Developmental state bureaucracy: A professional public administration organized to coordinate and implement economic development policy. Capable agencies turn long-term development goals into coordinated policy.
South Korean economic development: South Korea’s transformation from a low-income economy into an industrialized economy during the late twentieth century. Its state-directed credit and export push illustrate a distinct developmental trajectory.
Developmental State (book): A 1982 book by Chalmers Johnson analyzing Japan’s postwar political economy and industrial policy. It introduced the concept through Japan’s institutions and growth strategy.
Economic catch-up: The process by which poorer economies narrow productivity and income gaps with richer economies. Accelerated convergence is a central rationale for developmental-state strategies.
Command economy: An economic system in which central authorities make major production and allocation decisions. Developmental states steer private markets rather than generally replacing them with central commands.

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