Knowra Developmental toxicity Developmental toxicity Developmental toxicity is harm to an embryo or fetus caused by exposure to a chemical, drug, or other agent during development. Effects can include death, growth restriction, structural abnormalities, and functional impairment.
Teratogenesis : The production of structural birth defects by exposure to an agent during embryonic or fetal development. It describes the structural-malformation outcome of developmental toxicity.
Prenatal development : The sequence of growth and differentiation from fertilization through birth. Its stages provide the timeline on which developmental toxic effects occur.
Developmental and reproductive toxicology : The study of how exposures affect reproduction, pregnancy, and development of offspring. Developmental toxicity is a central subject within this broader field.
Reproductive toxicity : Adverse effects of an agent on sexual function, fertility, pregnancy, or offspring. It is broader than developmental toxicity, including effects before conception and on fertility.
Embryotoxicity : Toxic injury to an embryo that can cause death, impaired development, or structural abnormalities. It covers toxic effects during the embryonic stage, when organs are forming.
Dose–response relationship : The relationship between the amount of an exposure and the magnitude or probability of an effect. It helps characterize how developmental harm changes with exposure level.
Developmental toxicity testing : Experimental evaluation of whether an agent causes adverse effects during prenatal development. These studies identify hazards and characterize dose-related developmental outcomes.
Mutagenicity : The capacity of an agent to cause heritable changes in genetic material. Genetic mutations can contribute to developmental harm, but mutagenicity is a distinct hazard endpoint.
Fetotoxicity : Harmful effects of an agent on a fetus, including impaired growth, organ function, or survival. It distinguishes injury during fetal development from effects earlier in pregnancy.
Pharmacokinetics : The study of how an organism absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates substances. Maternal and fetal handling of an agent shapes the dose reaching developing tissues.
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