Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism is a magnetic response in which an applied field induces magnetization opposite to the field, producing negative magnetic susceptibility. It occurs in all materials, though other magnetic responses can dominate.

Lenz's law: An induced electromagnetic effect opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it. The opposing response resembles Lenz’s law: induced motion counters the applied field.
Magnetic dipole: A physical system with a magnetic moment that produces a dipole-like magnetic field. Diamagnetic magnetization is the collective response of induced magnetic moments.
Magnetic levitation: Suspension of an object against gravity using magnetic forces. A field gradient can lift strongly diamagnetic materials without magnetic attachment.
Paramagnetic levitation: Levitation produced by attraction of a paramagnetic object toward stronger magnetic fields. It uses field-seeking attraction, opposite the field-avoiding force on diamagnetic matter.
Magnetic susceptibility: A dimensionless measure of how much a material magnetizes in response to an applied magnetic field. Diamagnetism is identified by susceptibility below zero.
Electron: A negatively charged elementary particle with intrinsic spin and orbital motion in atoms and solids. Electron motion and quantum states underlie most material diamagnetism.
Pyrolytic graphite: A highly ordered form of graphite with unusually strong magnetic anisotropy and diamagnetic response. Its strong diamagnetism makes small pieces visibly levitate above magnet arrays.
Superdiamagnetism: Near-perfect magnetic flux expulsion associated with the superconducting state. Superconductors display an extreme diamagnetic response rather than ordinary weak diamagnetism.
Orbital magnetic moment: A magnetic moment associated with the orbital motion of electric charge, especially electrons. An applied field alters electron orbital motion, changing its magnetic moment.
Magnetic moment: A vector quantity that measures the strength and orientation of a source of magnetic field. The induced magnetic moment points opposite the applied field.

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