Dicarboxylic acid

A dicarboxylic acid is an organic compound containing two carboxyl groups, which can donate protons and form carboxylate salts.

Carboxyl group: A functional group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group, written –COOH. Two of these groups define a dicarboxylic acid.
Intramolecular hydrogen bond: A hydrogen bond formed between groups within the same molecule. Nearby carboxyl groups can interact through intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Polyester: A polymer whose backbone contains repeating ester linkages. Dicarboxylic acids react with diols to build many polyester chains.
Monocarboxylic acid: An organic acid containing one carboxyl group. It has one acidic carboxyl group rather than the two defining this class.
Carboxylate: An ion or functional group formed when a carboxylic acid loses a proton. Each carboxyl group can form a carboxylate, often with a distinct ionization state.
Inductive effect: A shift in electron density transmitted through sigma bonds because of electronegativity differences. One carboxyl group can alter the acidity of the other through the carbon framework.
Nylon: A family of synthetic polyamides made from repeating units joined by amide bonds. Adipic acid is a dicarboxylic-acid feedstock for nylon 6,6.
Tricarboxylic acid: An organic acid containing three carboxyl groups. It extends the same structural pattern by adding a third carboxyl group.
Acid dissociation constant: A quantitative measure of an acid's tendency to donate a proton in solution. Its successive values describe proton loss from the two acidic groups.
Conformation: A spatial arrangement of a molecule obtainable by rotations around single bonds. Conformation controls whether the two carboxyl groups can approach or interact.

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