Digital circuit

A digital circuit processes information using discrete voltage states, commonly interpreted as binary values. It combines logic elements and storage to perform computation and control.

Logic gate: An electronic circuit that implements a Boolean operation on one or more input signals. Combinations of gates transform binary inputs into the circuit’s computed outputs.
Logic level: A range of electrical voltages interpreted as a particular digital value. Circuits encode discrete values as ranges rather than perfectly fixed voltages.
Microprocessor: An integrated circuit that executes instructions and performs arithmetic and control operations. A microprocessor is a programmable digital circuit built from logic and state elements.
Analog circuit: An electronic circuit that represents information through continuously varying voltages or currents. Analog circuits preserve continuous signal variation rather than encoding discrete states.
Boolean algebra: An algebraic system whose variables take true or false values and whose operations include AND, OR, and NOT. Boolean expressions describe the logic that gate networks implement.
Binary number: A number represented using the two digits zero and one. Binary notation expresses the values carried by digital signals.
Random-access memory: Electronic memory whose locations can be accessed directly for reading and writing. Memory circuits store digital data for processors and other systems.
Mixed-signal integrated circuit: An integrated circuit containing both analog and digital circuitry. Mixed-signal chips combine digital processing with analog interfaces.
Clock signal: A periodic electronic signal used to coordinate timing in a synchronous system. Clock edges synchronize when sequential circuits update their state.
Transistor: A semiconductor device that controls current and can act as an electronic switch or amplifier. Transistors are the switching devices from which digital logic is built.

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