Digital image

A visual representation encoded as digital data, typically as a grid of pixels or as geometric instructions. Its appearance is reconstructed by software or display hardware.

Pixel: A discrete picture element that represents a sample of an image at a particular location. Raster images arrange these elements in a grid to represent spatial detail.
Image sensor: An electronic device that converts incoming light into electrical signals. It measures light from a scene to produce data for a digital photograph.
Digital photography: The practice of capturing and producing photographs with electronic image sensors and digital storage. It is the familiar use of digital images to record scenes.
JPEG: A family of image coding standards commonly used for lossy compression of photographic images. JPEG is a widely used format that reduces photographic image data by discarding information.
Color depth: The number of bits used to encode the color or intensity of each image sample. It sets how many distinct tones or colors each pixel can represent.
Image sampling: The process of measuring a continuous image at discrete spatial locations. Sampling turns spatial variation in a scene into a finite pixel grid.
Medical imaging: The use of techniques to create visual representations of internal body structures and functions. Medical images support diagnosis and treatment planning.
PNG: A lossless raster image format that supports transparency. PNG preserves exact pixel values, unlike lossy photographic compression.
Color space: A mathematical model that maps numerical values to perceived colors. Image values need a color model to specify the colors they represent.
Quantization: The mapping of continuous or high-precision values to a finite set of discrete levels. It limits each sampled pixel value to representable digital levels.

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