Dinitrogen pentoxide

Dinitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅) is a nitrogen oxide that exists as molecular O₂N–O–NO₂ in the gas phase and as [NO₂]⁺[NO₃]⁻ in the solid state. It reacts with water to form nitric acid.

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Nitric acid: Nitric acid is a strong mineral acid with formula HNO₃ and a powerful oxidizing agent. Hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide produces nitric acid.
Nitrogen oxide: A nitrogen oxide is a compound composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Dinitrogen pentoxide belongs to this family of compounds.
Dehydration reaction: A dehydration reaction removes water from a chemical substance or combines molecules with loss of water. Removing water from nitric acid is a standard route to N₂O₅.
Nitration: Nitration is the introduction of a nitro or nitrate-derived group into an organic or inorganic compound. Dinitrogen pentoxide supplies nitrating species in chemical synthesis.
Nitrate radical: The nitrate radical, NO₃, is a reactive atmospheric oxidant formed from nitrogen dioxide and ozone. It reacts with nitrogen dioxide to establish nighttime N₂O₅ levels.
Nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen dioxide is a reactive brown gas with formula NO₂ and an odd-electron molecular structure. Its dimerization with oxygen forms dinitrogen pentoxide.
Oxidation state: Oxidation state is a formal measure of electron ownership assigned to atoms in compounds. Nitrogen has oxidation state +5 in dinitrogen pentoxide.
Phosphorus pentoxide: Phosphorus pentoxide is a powerful dehydrating agent commonly represented by the formula P₄O₁₀. It can dehydrate nitric acid to produce dinitrogen pentoxide.
Organic synthesis: Organic synthesis is the construction of organic compounds through planned chemical reactions. N₂O₅ serves as a reagent for preparing nitrate esters and nitro compounds.
Acid deposition: Acid deposition is the transfer of acidic substances from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface. Hydrolysis of deposited N₂O₅ can contribute nitric acid to surfaces.