Dinoflagellate

A mostly single-celled eukaryote, usually bearing two flagella, found chiefly in marine and freshwater environments. Many species photosynthesize, prey on other organisms, or combine both strategies.

Dinokaryon: A distinctive dinoflagellate nucleus whose chromosomes remain condensed through much of the cell cycle. Its unusual chromosome organization distinguishes dinoflagellate cells from most other eukaryotes.
Harmful algal bloom: A rapid increase in algae or cyanobacteria that causes ecological, health, or economic harm. Some dinoflagellate blooms release toxins or deplete oxygen, harming wildlife and people.
Zooxanthellae: Photosynthetic symbiotic algae, chiefly dinoflagellates, living within coral and other marine animals. These dinoflagellates supply corals with much of the organic carbon they need.
Alexandrium: A genus of dinoflagellates that includes species responsible for paralytic shellfish toxin blooms. Its bloom-forming species illustrate how dinoflagellates can threaten seafood safety.
Dinoflagellate flagella: Two dissimilar flagella that typically propel and rotate a dinoflagellate cell. Their arrangement produces the characteristic spinning motion of many dinoflagellates.
Red tide: A visible discoloration of water caused by dense plankton, sometimes including toxin-producing dinoflagellates. Certain bloom-forming dinoflagellates give coastal waters a red or brown appearance.
Coral reef: A marine ecosystem built largely by calcium-carbonate-producing corals and associated organisms. Reef-building corals depend on dinoflagellate symbionts for energy and growth.
Karenia brevis: A marine dinoflagellate that produces brevetoxins and causes Florida red tides. This species is a well-studied cause of toxic blooms and coastal wildlife mortality.
Theca: A covering of cellulose plates found in many dinoflagellates, beneath the cell membrane. Thecal plates shape and protect armored species, while other dinoflagellates lack them.
Saxitoxin: A potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning. Several dinoflagellate species produce saxitoxin, which can accumulate in shellfish.

Linked from 9 pages