Diploid

Diploid describes a cell or organism with two complete sets of chromosomes, usually one set inherited from each parent.

Chromosome: A DNA molecule packaged with proteins that carries genetic information in a cell. Diploid cells contain two complete chromosome sets.
Meiosis: A cell division process that produces haploid cells by separating homologous chromosomes and then sister chromatids. Meiosis reduces diploid cells to haploid reproductive cells.
Human: A primate species, Homo sapiens, whose typical somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes. Most human body cells are diploid, with 23 chromosome pairs.
Mendelian inheritance: The transmission of hereditary traits through discrete factors that segregate and recombine across generations. Paired chromosome copies help explain allele segregation in diploid organisms.
Homologous chromosome: One of a matching pair of chromosomes with the same genes at corresponding locations, inherited from each parent. Each diploid set pairs corresponding maternal and paternal chromosomes.
Fertilization: The fusion of reproductive cells to form a new cell, typically a zygote. Fusion of two haploid gametes restores the diploid chromosome number.
Arabidopsis thaliana: A small flowering plant widely used as a model organism in genetics and plant biology. Its ordinary cells are diploid, with five chromosome pairs.
Dominance (genetics): A relationship in which one allele's effect masks or modifies another allele's effect in a heterozygote. Dominance describes how different alleles can affect a diploid individual's trait.
Ploidy: The number of complete chromosome sets in a cell or organism. Diploid is the ploidy state with two complete sets.
Gamete: A reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm, that fuses with another gamete during sexual reproduction. Gametes are usually haploid, supplying one chromosome set apiece.

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