Knowra Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination is unequal treatment based on a person’s membership in a social category. It can be deliberate or arise through rules and practices that disadvantage members of that category.
Stereotype : A generalized belief about the traits or behavior of members of a social group. Stereotypes can shape judgments that produce unequal treatment.
Prejudice : A preconceived judgment or attitude toward a person based on group membership. Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is unequal treatment.
Employment discrimination : Unequal treatment in hiring, pay, promotion, workplace conditions, or dismissal based on social category. Workplaces reveal discrimination through both individual decisions and organizational practices.
Jim Crow laws : State and local laws that enforced racial segregation and subordination in the United States, chiefly from the late nineteenth century through the 1960s. They made racial discrimination explicit across public life.
Disparate treatment : Intentional unequal treatment of an individual because of membership in a protected group. It contrasts with disparate impact, where unequal effects may occur without proven intent.
Implicit bias : An automatic association or evaluation that influences judgment without conscious intention. Implicit associations can affect decisions even when people reject explicit prejudice.
Racism : A system of beliefs, practices, and institutions that produces or sustains racial hierarchy. Racism concerns racial hierarchy, while discrimination can concern many social categories.
Housing discrimination : Unequal treatment in renting, selling, financing, or accessing housing based on social category. Housing access can transmit disadvantage across neighborhoods and generations.
Apartheid : South Africa’s system of legally enforced racial segregation and white political domination, established in 1948 and dismantled in the early 1990s. It demonstrates discrimination organized as a comprehensive state system.
Algorithmic bias : Systematic errors or unequal outcomes produced by automated systems across groups. Automated decisions can reproduce discrimination through data, design, or deployment.
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