Knowra Disodium citrate Disodium citrate Disodium citrate is the sodium salt Na₂HC₆H₅O₇, containing two sodium ions and one hydrogen citrate ion. It is one of the partially neutralized forms of citric acid.
Citric acid : A triprotic organic acid found in citrus fruits and widely used as an acidulant and chelating agent. Disodium citrate forms when two of citric acid’s three acidic protons are replaced by sodium.
Food additive : A substance added to food to affect qualities such as flavor, stability, texture, or shelf life. Disodium citrate is used in foods as an acidity regulator, emulsifying salt, and flavor modifier.
Monosodium citrate : A sodium salt of citric acid containing one sodium ion and two hydrogen atoms on the citrate framework. It is less neutralized than disodium citrate and has a different acid–base balance.
Dissociation : The separation of ions or molecules into smaller species, often when a compound dissolves. In water, disodium citrate separates into sodium ions and hydrogen citrate ions.
Citrate : The conjugate base of citric acid, present in several protonation states and able to bind metal ions. Disodium citrate contains hydrogen citrate, a protonated member of the citrate family.
Buffer solution : A solution that resists pH change when modest amounts of acid or base are added. Citrate species in solution can buffer pH as they accept or release protons.
Trisodium citrate : A sodium salt of citric acid in which all three acidic protons are replaced by sodium ions. It is the more fully neutralized sodium citrate, unlike disodium citrate’s hydrogen citrate ion.
Hydrogen citrate : The singly protonated citrate ion, C₆H₆O₇²⁻, formed when citric acid loses two protons. This divalent ion is the anionic component named by disodium citrate’s stoichiometry.
Acid–base equilibrium : The balance between proton-transfer reactions and the concentrations of acids, bases, and their conjugates. The salt’s solution composition depends on proton exchange among hydrogen citrate and other citrate forms.
Chelation : The binding of a metal ion by a molecule at multiple coordination sites. Citrate can bind metal ions, helping control their availability in formulations.
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