Dispersal

Dispersal is the movement of individuals away from their birthplace or population into new areas. It can connect populations, reduce competition among relatives, and shape species’ ranges.

Natal dispersal: Movement from an individual's birthplace to the place where it first reproduces. It is the specific form of dispersal defined by departure from birthplace.
Gene flow: The transfer of genetic variants between populations through the movement and reproduction of individuals. Dispersers that reproduce in another population carry alleles between populations.
Landscape connectivity: The degree to which a landscape permits movement among habitat patches. Connectivity determines whether dispersers can reach suitable habitat.
Population ecology: The study of how populations change in size, structure, and distribution over time. Dispersal is one process shaping population distribution and dynamics.
Breeding dispersal: Movement between breeding sites after an individual has already reproduced. It distinguishes later relocation from departure before first reproduction.
Metapopulation: A set of spatially separated populations linked by occasional migration. Dispersal can connect local populations into a larger dynamic system.
Wildlife corridor: A strip or network of habitat that connects separated areas used by wildlife. Corridors are designed to facilitate movement between fragmented habitats.
Habitat fragmentation: The division of continuous habitat into smaller, more isolated patches. Fragmentation alters movement routes and the distance between destinations.
Active dispersal: Movement in which an organism supplies the energy and direction for its own departure. Many dispersers move under their own power rather than being carried.
Range expansion: An increase in the geographic area occupied by a species or population. Successful movement and establishment can extend a species' range.

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