Dispute resolution

Dispute resolution is the process of settling disagreements between parties through procedures such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or litigation.

Negotiation: A process in which parties communicate directly to reach an agreement. Parties can settle a dispute themselves without a neutral third party.
Alternative dispute resolution: Methods for resolving disputes outside ordinary court litigation, including mediation and arbitration. It groups several non-court procedures commonly used to settle disputes.
Consent: Voluntary agreement to a proposed action, arrangement, or process. Consent often determines whether parties may enter mediation or arbitration.
Labor arbitration: Arbitration used to resolve disputes between employers and workers or their representatives. Collective agreements often assign workplace disputes to an arbitrator.
Access to justice: The ability of people to understand, use, and obtain fair outcomes from justice systems. Cost, delay, and procedural complexity can determine whether a dispute is resolved at all.
Mediation: A process in which a neutral third party helps disputants seek a voluntary agreement. A mediator facilitates settlement but ordinarily cannot impose a decision.
Adjudication: A formal process in which an authorized decision-maker determines the rights or obligations of parties. It contrasts consensual settlement with a decision imposed by an authorized third party.
Jurisdiction: The legal authority of a court or other body to hear and decide a matter. A court must have jurisdiction before it can resolve a dispute.
International commercial arbitration: Private arbitration for commercial disputes involving parties from different countries. Cross-border businesses use it to resolve disputes outside national courts.
Procedural justice: The perceived fairness of the processes used to make decisions and resolve conflicts. Parties may accept an outcome more readily when they consider the procedure fair.

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Legal anthropologyNarrower topic: Its practices provide observable settings for studying law in action.