Dissolution

Dissolution is the dispersal of a solute in a solvent to form a solution. It involves separating solute particles and surrounding them with solvent particles.

Solvation: Solvation is the association of solvent molecules with dissolved solute particles. Solvent molecules surround solute particles as they leave the undissolved substance.
Solution (chemistry): A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes distributed in a solvent. Dissolution produces this uniform mixture when solute particles disperse throughout the solvent.
Drug dissolution: Drug dissolution is the transfer of a pharmaceutical ingredient from a solid dosage form into surrounding fluid. It governs how quickly an oral solid makes drug molecules available for absorption.
Melting: Melting is the transition of a solid into a liquid through a change of physical state. A solid may disappear by melting, but dissolution disperses its particles in a separate solvent.
Lattice energy: Lattice energy is the energy change associated with forming or separating an ionic crystal lattice. Separating ions in an ionic solid requires overcoming the crystal’s lattice attractions.
Solute: A solute is a substance distributed in a solvent to form a solution. The solute is the material whose particles separate and enter the solvent.
Dissolution testing: Dissolution testing measures how a drug substance is released from a dosage form into a liquid under controlled conditions. Standardized tests compare drug release rates and support pharmaceutical quality control.
Chemical reaction: A chemical reaction transforms reactants into products through changes in chemical bonds. Dissolution can preserve a substance’s chemical identity, unlike a reaction that forms new substances.
Hydration energy: Hydration energy is the energy change when water molecules surround ions or other solute particles. Water’s interactions with released ions can help offset the cost of separating them.
Solvent: A solvent is the component of a solution that dissolves and disperses other substances. Its molecular properties determine which solutes it can stabilize.

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