Distilled water

Distilled water is water purified by evaporation and condensation. The process removes most dissolved salts and other nonvolatile impurities, while some volatile contaminants may remain.

Distillation: A separation process that vaporizes a liquid and condenses its vapor to separate substances with different volatilities. Distilled water is produced by this phase-change separation.
Laboratory water: Water prepared to meet defined purity requirements for laboratory work. Distilled water is one preparation method, though many laboratories require more tightly specified water.
Deionized water: Water treated to remove dissolved ions using ion-exchange materials or related methods. It removes ions without necessarily removing uncharged organic compounds or microbes.
Dissolved solids: Mineral salts and other substances present in water as dissolved material. Most dissolved solids remain in the boiling vessel during ordinary distillation.
Azeotrope: A liquid mixture that boils at a constant composition and cannot be separated completely by simple distillation. Azeotropic mixtures show why boiling and condensing do not separate every mixture into pure components.
Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals the surrounding pressure. Boiling drives water into vapor during distillation.
Autoclave: A sealed device that sterilizes materials using pressurized steam. Low-mineral water helps limit scale in steam-generating equipment.
Reverse osmosis: A membrane process that uses pressure to move water through a selective barrier. It removes many dissolved substances without boiling and can be combined with distillation.
Water hardness: A measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions in water. Distillation removes the ions that cause hardness.
Water treatment: Processes that improve water quality by removing or inactivating unwanted substances. Distillation is one treatment option among methods selected for specific contaminants and uses.

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Mineral waterCompared with: Distillation removes most minerals that remain dissolved in mineral water.