Knowra Diwani of Bengal Diwani of Bengal The 1765 grant that gave the East India Company the right to collect land revenue in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha. It made the Company a fiscal power while the Mughal emperor nominally retained sovereignty.
Treaty of Allahabad : The 1765 agreements between the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II and the East India Company after the Battle of Buxar. Its agreements formalized the Company’s revenue rights and the emperor’s annual tribute.
Battle of Buxar : The 1764 battle in which the East India Company defeated the forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula, and Shah Alam II. The Company’s victory strengthened its position in the negotiations that produced the grant.
Bengal famine of 1770 : A catastrophic famine in Bengal in 1769–1770 that killed millions amid crop failure, disease, and severe hardship. The famine exposed the consequences of revenue demands under Company rule, though its causes were multiple.
Farman of 1717 : A Mughal imperial decree that granted the East India Company trading privileges in Bengal and other territories. It gave commercial exemptions, unlike the Diwani’s right to collect territorial revenue.
Dual government in Bengal : The arrangement from 1765 to 1772 that separated revenue collection under the Company from civil administration under the nawab. It translated the Diwani into a division of fiscal power and administrative responsibility.
Battle of Plassey : The 1757 battle in which the East India Company defeated Siraj ud-Daulah’s forces in Bengal. It began the Company’s political ascendancy in Bengal before the later grant of revenue rights.
Permanent Settlement : The 1793 land-revenue system that fixed assessments on zamindars in Bengal and neighboring territories. It was a later attempt to formalize the land-revenue administration that followed the Diwani.
Nawab of Bengal : The provincial ruler of Bengal under Mughal sovereignty, whose authority weakened as the East India Company expanded. The nawab retained nominal administrative roles even as the Company gained fiscal control.
Nizamat : The Mughal-era authority over criminal justice, policing, and public order, exercised in Bengal through the nawab. Nizamat remained nominally with the nawab while the Company controlled revenue.
Mir Qasim : The Nawab of Bengal from 1760 to 1763 who resisted the East India Company’s growing power. His conflict with the Company helped lead to the Battle of Buxar.
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