Dog breed

A population of domestic dogs maintained for shared inherited traits and recognizable characteristics, often through selective breeding and pedigree records.

Selective breeding: The deliberate mating of organisms to increase the frequency of desired inherited traits. Breeders use it to make characteristic traits more common within a dog population.
Founder effect: A change in allele frequencies when a population begins from a small number of individuals. A breed founded by few dogs can inherit unusually common variants from its founders.
Dog shows: Competitions in which dogs are judged against standards for their breeds. Judges assess how closely each dog matches its breed's written standard.
Mixed-breed dog: A dog whose ancestry includes multiple breeds or is not assigned to one recognized breed. It contrasts a defined breed population with dogs of mixed or uncertain ancestry.
Canine inherited disorders: Diseases in dogs caused or influenced by genetic variants passed between generations. Some breed-specific traits are linked to elevated risks of inherited disease.
Artificial selection: Evolutionary change caused by humans choosing which organisms reproduce. Dog breeding is a familiar case of human-directed selection across generations.
Genetic bottleneck: A sharp reduction in population size that removes genetic variation by chance. Small breeding populations can narrow the genetic diversity available within a breed.
Working dog: A dog trained or bred to perform tasks such as guarding, herding, or assistance. Some breeds were developed for particular jobs and retain traits useful for them.
Dog type: A broad grouping of dogs based on shared purpose, shape, or historical use. Types can include several breeds and do not require a shared pedigree.
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: A respiratory disorder associated with shortened skull shape in some dog breeds. Selection for a distinctive head shape can impair breathing in affected breeds.

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