Knowra Dome of the Rock Dome of the Rock An Islamic shrine on Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, completed in 691–692 CE over the Foundation Stone. Its octagonal plan and gilded dome make it a landmark of early Islamic architecture.
Temple Mount : A walled sacred precinct in Jerusalem, revered in Judaism and Islam. The shrine stands within this contested precinct, known to Muslims as al-Haram al-Sharif.
Umayyad Caliphate : The Islamic caliphate ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 661 to 750 CE. The shrine was built during Umayyad rule, under the patronage of Abd al-Malik.
Isra and Mi'raj : The Night Journey and Ascension of Muhammad in Islamic tradition. The shrine is associated with the sacred rock linked in later tradition to Muhammad’s ascent.
Dome of the Rock restoration : The successive repairs and renovations that have preserved and altered the shrine since its construction. Restorations repeatedly renewed the dome, mosaics, and exterior facing while retaining the building’s core plan.
Foundation Stone : A sacred rock at the center of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The shrine encloses this rock, which anchors its sacred and architectural focus.
Abd al-Malik : The Umayyad caliph who ruled from 685 to 705 CE. His patronage is associated with the shrine’s construction in 691–692.
Al-Aqsa Mosque : A mosque on Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, forming part of the al-Haram al-Sharif complex. It shares the precinct with the Dome of the Rock but is a separate building.
Ottoman Jerusalem : Jerusalem during Ottoman rule, from 1517 to 1917. Ottoman patrons renewed the shrine’s exterior decoration, including its distinctive tilework.
Early Islamic architecture : Architecture produced in the first centuries of Islamic rule, combining inherited regional forms with new religious and political expression. The shrine is among the earliest surviving monumental works of Islamic architecture.
Jerusalem in the early Islamic period : Jerusalem under Muslim rule beginning in the seventh century CE. The city’s new rulers made the Temple Mount a setting for major religious architecture.
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