Dominican Restoration War

The 1863–1865 war in which Dominican forces defeated Spanish rule and restored the Dominican Republic’s independence after its reannexation by Spain.

Grito de Capotillo: The August 1863 uprising at Capotillo that began the Dominican Restoration War. This revolt launched the war after Spain reannexed the Dominican Republic.
Dominican Annexation to Spain: The 1861 incorporation of the Dominican Republic into the Spanish Empire under Pedro Santana. Annexation created the political condition that the restoration movement sought to reverse.
Gregorio Luperón: A Dominican general and national leader who became one of the leading commanders of the Restoration War. Luperón organized resistance in the north and became a central restorationist leader.
Dominican Independence: The sovereign status of the Dominican Republic, established in 1844 and restored after Spanish rule ended in 1865. Victory returned the country to independent government.
Santiago de los Caballeros: A major city in northern Dominican Republic and a center of resistance during the Restoration War. Dominican forces captured Santiago, turning the uprising into a sustained campaign.
Pedro Santana: A Dominican military and political leader who supported annexation to Spain and served as governor-general. Santana initiated annexation, hoping Spanish rule would secure the country.
Santiago Rodríguez: A Dominican military and political leader who helped initiate the Restoration War. Rodríguez was among the organizers of the Capotillo uprising.
Spanish withdrawal from Santo Domingo: Spain’s evacuation of its forces from the Dominican Republic in 1865, ending its reannexation. The withdrawal marked the military conclusion of the restoration struggle.
Guerrilla warfare: Irregular warfare in which small forces use mobility, ambushes, and local support against a stronger opponent. Dominican fighters used dispersed attacks to strain Spain’s occupation forces.
Dominican Republic: A Caribbean country occupying the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola. The war sought to restore this country’s sovereignty after annexation.

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