Donna Haraway

Donna Haraway is an American scholar whose work connects feminist theory, science studies, and technology studies. Her essay “A Cyborg Manifesto” challenges fixed boundaries between humans, animals, and machines.

Feminist science studies: An interdisciplinary field examining how gender shapes scientific knowledge, institutions, and practices. Haraway helped establish this field by treating scientific knowledge as situated and politically consequential.
A Cyborg Manifesto: Haraway’s 1985 essay proposing the cyborg as a figure for feminist politics beyond fixed identities. This essay is her best-known intervention in feminist theory and technology studies.
Cyborg feminism: A feminist approach using human–machine hybridity to challenge naturalized identities and boundaries. Haraway’s cyborg became a model for coalitions not grounded in a single shared identity.
The God trick: A claim to see everything from nowhere, presented as disembodied and universally objective knowledge. Haraway contrasts this fantasy of vision with accountable, situated objectivity.
Lynn Margulis: An American biologist who advanced the theory that key eukaryotic cell structures originated through symbiosis. Her account of symbiosis informs Haraway’s interest in relations that make species together.
Social construction of technology: An approach explaining technological form through social groups, meanings, and negotiations. This approach parallels Haraway’s attention to the social relations embedded in technologies.
Primate Visions: Haraway’s 1989 book analyzing the scientific and cultural histories of primatology. The book applies her account of situated knowledge to primate research and its stories about human nature.
Situated knowledges: Donna Haraway’s 1988 essay arguing that objectivity depends on partial, accountable positions. The essay gave feminist science studies a sustained alternative to both universal objectivity and relativism.
Essentialism: The view that a group or thing has a fixed underlying nature that determines its identity. Her cyborg politics resists defining women through a universal or natural essence.
Bruno Latour: A French sociologist and philosopher known for work on science studies and actor-network theory. His work shares Haraway’s challenge to clean separations between society, nature, and technology.

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