Doping in athletics

Doping in athletics is the use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance performance in track and field. It is regulated through testing and sanctions by athletics governing bodies.

Blood doping: The artificial increase of red blood cells to improve oxygen delivery to working muscles. It raises endurance by increasing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity.
Tommy Simpson: A British professional cyclist who died during the 1967 Tour de France while using amphetamines and alcohol. His death intensified calls for drug controls across competitive sport, including athletics.
Dick Pound: A Canadian lawyer and sports administrator who served as the first president of the World Anti-Doping Agency. He helped build the international institution overseeing anti-doping policy.
East German sports doping: The state-directed administration of performance-enhancing drugs to athletes in the German Democratic Republic, especially from the 1960s through the 1980s. Its effects and harms remain central to debates about athletics records and athlete consent.
Therapeutic Use Exemption: An authorization allowing an athlete with a qualifying medical condition to use a prohibited substance or method under specified conditions. It separates medically justified treatment from an anti-doping violation.
Erythropoietin: A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production and is used medically to treat some forms of anemia. Synthetic erythropoietin can mimic blood doping by increasing red blood cell production.
1972 Summer Olympics: The Munich Olympic Games, held in West Germany from August 26 to September 11, 1972. They marked an early high-profile expansion of Olympic drug testing.
Grigory Rodchenkov: A Russian chemist and former director of Moscow’s anti-doping laboratory who became a whistleblower on state-sponsored doping. His testimony exposed systematic manipulation affecting international sport.
Doping in Russian sport: Documented doping practices and anti-doping violations involving Russian athletes and sports institutions. Systemic violations led to restrictions on Russian participation in international athletics.
Sports nutrition: The study and practice of nutrition strategies that support training, recovery, and athletic performance. Nutrition can improve performance without necessarily involving prohibited substances or methods.

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