Knowra Drug-induced liver injury Drug-induced liver injury Drug-induced liver injury is damage to the liver caused by prescription medicines, over-the-counter drugs, or supplements. It can range from temporary enzyme elevations to acute liver failure or chronic disease.
Intrinsic drug-induced liver injury : Predictable liver injury that depends mainly on a drug’s dose and exposure. It contrasts with unpredictable reactions that occur only in a minority of exposed people.
Hepatocyte : The main functional cell of the liver, responsible for metabolism, synthesis, and many detoxification processes. Most hepatocellular drug injury directly damages these cells.
RUCAM : A structured causality-assessment method for estimating whether a medicine caused liver injury. It organizes timing, alternative causes, and dechallenge evidence in suspected cases.
Isoniazid : An antibiotic used to prevent and treat tuberculosis that can cause drug-induced liver injury. Its injury risk illustrates the roles of dose, metabolism, and host susceptibility.
Pharmacogenomics : The study of how genetic variation affects responses to medicines. Genetic markers may explain why particular people develop injury from a drug tolerated by most.
Idiosyncratic drug reaction : An uncommon, unpredictable adverse reaction shaped by individual susceptibility rather than ordinary pharmacology. It accounts for many cases that arise at therapeutic doses without a clear dose threshold.
Alanine aminotransferase : An enzyme abundant in liver cells that enters the blood when those cells are injured. Its blood level helps identify and track hepatocellular injury.
Liver function tests : Blood tests used to assess liver-cell injury, bile flow, and the liver’s synthetic function. Serial results help detect injury, classify its pattern, and monitor recovery.
Amoxicillin-clavulanate : A combination antibiotic associated with idiosyncratic liver injury, often with cholestatic features. It is a common example of delayed injury that may appear after treatment ends.
Human leukocyte antigen : A group of immune-system genes that encode proteins presenting molecular fragments to T cells. Specific HLA variants are associated with susceptibility to injury from certain drugs.
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