Dry season

A recurring part of an annual climate cycle with substantially less precipitation than the wet season. Its timing and severity vary by region and climate.

Intertropical Convergence Zone: A belt of low pressure near the equator where trade winds converge and rising air produces frequent rainfall. Its seasonal migration shifts tropical rain belts, creating wet and dry periods.
Rain-fed agriculture: Crop production that relies on rainfall rather than irrigation as its primary water source. Planting dates and crop choices must match the local dry-season calendar.
Precipitation: Water falling from the atmosphere to Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. A dry season is defined by a marked seasonal reduction in this quantity.
Tropical savanna climate: A tropical climate with a pronounced dry season and a wet season, often classified as Köppen Aw or As. This climate type is defined in part by its seasonal rainfall contrast.
Hadley circulation: A tropical atmospheric circulation in which air rises near the equator and descends in the subtropics. Descending branches suppress clouds and rainfall in many dry-season regions.
Drought: A prolonged period of unusually low water availability relative to normal conditions. A regular dry season is part of the climate cycle; drought is an abnormal deficit.
Seasonality: Regular variation in environmental or climatic conditions over the course of a year. It provides the annual pattern in which wet and dry periods recur.
Caatinga: A semiarid tropical ecoregion of northeastern Brazil with drought-adapted vegetation. Its long dry season shapes distinctive plants, water use, and livelihoods.
Trade winds: Persistent tropical easterly winds that blow toward the equatorial low-pressure belt. Seasonal changes in their direction and moisture transport alter regional rainfall.
Wildfire: An uncontrolled fire that spreads through vegetation or other combustible material. Dry vegetation and low humidity often raise fire danger during the dry season.

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